Kharkiv · Ukraine

Giganet IXN Kharkіv is the only exchange PeeringDB lists in the city, and its 13 participants make it the best connected exchange in Kharkiv by default. More network presence sits inside colocation than at that exchange. The three facilities hold 12 networks between them, with Layer1 accounting for 11, Ukrnames Data Centre for one, and OneHostPower Datacenter for none. The carrier registry names three Ukrainian mobile operators, Kyivstar (AS15895), lifecell (AS34058) and Vodafone Ukraine (AS21497), and records none of them as a participant at the Kharkiv exchange.

An address that geolocates to Kharkiv can belong to a network with no equipment in Kharkiv. Operators announce address blocks from a single registry record, so a block registered to a company address elsewhere in Ukraine can be routed to customers anywhere on that network. Mobile traffic compounds this. Kyivstar, lifecell and Vodafone Ukraine each carry subscriber traffic out through a small number of gateways, so a handset in Kharkiv may appear on an address that a database places at the gateway. Geolocation databases follow the operator's own published location, and that location is a business record rather than a measurement.

Someone checking a specific address gets more from the routing data than from a city label. The origin ASN on the prefix says which network announces it, and the three carrier ASNs above separate mobile traffic from fixed-line and hosting networks. The netname and the registered holder on that exact prefix, rather than on the parent allocation, show who was assigned it. Where the address belongs to a network present at Giganet IXN Kharkіv or inside Layer1, the peering record gives a reason to expect traffic through the city; where it does not, the Kharkiv label rests on the operator's registry entry alone.