Espoo · Finland

Espoo has one exchange that carries real weight, FICIX 1 (Espoo) with 37 participants, and a companion IPv6 MTU 9000 LAN with 5. More of the city's recorded capacity sits in colocation than at the exchange: eight facilities hold 65 network presences, with Equinix HE6 at 25 networks, Innopoli at 16 and Equinix HE7 at 12, while the two atNorth sites record none. All three mobile carriers in the registry peer on FICIX 1, Elisa on AS719, Telia on AS1759 and DNA on AS16086, with Telia also on the IPv6 LAN.

An address that geolocates to Espoo may sit on a device somewhere else entirely. Operators announce address blocks from a registry object that names a single administrative address, and geolocation providers read that field rather than measuring anything. Mobile networks add a second step, since Elisa, Telia and DNA route subscriber sessions out through a handful of gateways whose registered city stays fixed while the phones move. The 65 network presences in Espoo describe interconnection points, not the homes or offices of end users.

For a specific address, the origin ASN and the netname on the prefix carry more information than the city string. A prefix originated by AS719, AS1759 or AS16086 is carrier access regardless of whether a database prints Espoo or Helsinki, and several of the Espoo facilities carry Helsinki district names in their own PeeringDB entries, which is exactly the kind of label a geolocation feed inherits. A prefix whose netname points at a colocation tenant is a different animal from one on a mobile gateway.